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Margarete Heymann (August 10, 1899 – 11 November 1990), also known as Margarete Heymann-Löbenstein, Margarete Heymann-Marks, and Grete Marks, was a German ceramic artist of Jewish origin and a Bauhaus student. Because she was Jewish she was forced to sell her successful business in Germany. She moved to Britain in 1936 and continued her work but her finest work is considered to be from Germany. ==Life== Heymann was born in 1899. She studied at the Cologne School of Arts and at Dusseldorf Academy before entering the Bauhaus School of Arts in Weimar in November 1920. In 1923, she founded the Haël Workshops for Artistic Ceramics at Marwitz with her husband Gustav Loebenstein and his brother Daniel,〔(Haël-Ceramics 1923 - 1933 - Exhibition at the Ceramics Museum Berlin ), zeitlosberlin.com, retrieved 14 April 2014〕 where she manufactured her Modern ceramic designs. The company employed 120 people and exported its works to London and America.<.〔 In 1928 Gustav Loebenstein was killed in a car accident. After she was forced by the Nazi government to sell her factory to Hedwig Bollhagen and her business partner,〔(Hedwig Bollhagen ), FemBio.org, retrieved 14 April 2014〕 she emigrated to England, initially settling in Stoke-on-Trent. She was able to move to England because of the assistance of Heals, whose London store had previously sold her work. She was able to find work in Stoke-on-Trent but the traditional potters there failed to take advantage of knowledge of modern design and manufacture. It was Mintons who decided after six months that her work was commercial. She continued to rent her own studios where she bought other peoples designs which she decorated.〔(Gret Marks ), StokeMuseum.org.uk, retrieved 30 October 2014〕 She later married the English educator Harold Marks, in London and in Staffordshire she painted and continued to experiment with pottery made from broken shards. Her work was considered degenerate by the Nazis,〔(Grete Marks: When Modern was Degenerate ), Milwaukee Art Museum exhibition, September 6, 2012–February 17, 2013.〕 and her lack of success as a designer has been interpreted to be the result of her "gender, geography, genre and timing" conspiring against her. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margarete Heymann」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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